How Is Racism Presented in the Novel of Roll of Thunder,...

How is racism presented in the novel of Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry? Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry is a novel based in the Southern States of America in the 1930’s and deals with the theme of Racism amongst other themes. Racism is being prejudice or discriminating against someone of a different race based on such a belief. Following on from the Civil War, America experienced ‘The Great Depression’ and it affected everyone, especially blacks. Mildred Taylor reveals examples of racism and racist behaviour throughout the novel based on her own experiences. In this essay, I will discuss what blacks were subjected to and how racism is presented in this novel. Right from the very start, the Logan Children, although they have been protected†¦show more content†¦TJ is blamed for the murder of Mr. Barnett, a white man, when the offence was committed by R.W and Melvin Simms (two white boys). However, TJ was only an accomplice in the break in of Mr. Barnett’s store but this does not prevent the ‘Night Men’ attacking TJ and his family. They do this because it gives them reason to physically and violently assault the Avery family just because they’re black: â€Å"†¦dragged from the house on his knees. His face was bloody and when he tried to speak he cried with pain.† This shows they are treated like animals and not as equals. TJ is considered disposable by the white men as they do not care what happens to him. Also the fact that there was no legal intervention displays how racist the community really was towards black people. In my opinion, I think Mildred Taylor included this in the novel to show that no one stood up to it even though it was unjust and unfair. In contrast to this, not every white character in the book is racist. For example, Jeremy Simms and Mr. Jamison. Jeremy Simms, a white boy, wants to befriend the Logan Children despite knowing he will be punished for his actions as it is considered unacceptable for a white boy to socially interact with black children: â€Å"Jeremy grew even more pale, ‘C-cause I just likes y’all’ he stammered† This shows what a brave and courageous character he is to look beyond the colour of a person’s skin forShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Cassie as the Narrator in Taylors Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry578 Words   |  3 PagesThe Use of Cassie as the Narrator in Taylors Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry Cassie is an intelligent, outspoken, self-confident, and independent young girl who is also the narrator of the novel. Roll of thunder, hear my cry, is a coming of the age story for Cassie as she awakens to the true extent of racism in the south over the course of her tenth year. As she narrates the events, this leads her to mature and grow up. There are quite a few factors, which need to be examinedRead More Censorship in Schools Essay3746 Words   |  15 Pagesoften falls on teachers. The purpose of this research paper is to discuss censorship in schools and to argue that the censorship of books in the high school English curriculum is limiting and takes away literature that is meaningful to students. How a Book is Censored Brinkley describes a few actions that can lead to the censoring of a book in a school or school system: An expression of concern is simply a question about the material with overtones of disapproval; an oral complaint is an oralRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesp. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513376-5 1. Rastafari movement. 2. Jamaica—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabled us to survive and thrive This page intentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts

General Science and GATTACA - 1001 Words

General Science is a study involving biology, chemistry, physics and environmental sciences. Students from Year 7 to Year 10 are introduced to these various disciplines to gain general knowledge about science and can later be develop into deeper concepts. Science is not just fat laboratory coats, Einstein’s equations, mixing chemicals, massive space shuttles, or peeking through microscopes but involves critical thinking, analysing data and apply understandings in the natural world to solve real problems. Science is an approach of learning what make this world and how things work decades ago, how they work today, and how they are expected to work in forthcoming years. Some of the social justice issues hidden behind science can cause major†¦show more content†¦She accepted her destiny from people and failed to reach her capacity. Gattaca proves how society impedes individuals’ dreams and talents based on their genes. I chose Gattaca because it is a great Sci-fi movie representing major concerns behind genetic engineering. The use of genetic engineering can eradicate diseases, physical imperfections, enhanced beauty and improved the next generation. However, there are no such things as perfect, the pros and cons exist behind every concept. I chose Gattaca because it clearly represents the conflicts and barriers created between families and society due to the alterations of genes and shows the effects on individuals. The manipulation of genetics has major consequences dividing the world into two types of classes. People’s destiny will belong in the hands of society and genecists. For these reasons, Gattaca is suitable in any classrooms to educate students about the social justice issues present behind science. By watching those scenes, students can visually see the endurance of Vincent due to science discrimination. This film shows the amount of pressure imposed by the society upon Irene an d Jerome who can’t perform beyond their abilities despite being ‘valid’. The content of the movie will allow students to develop their own thoughts whether future people should have the choice to select the faith of their children or not before their birth. This movieShow MoreRelatedObserving the Similarities and Differences between Handmaids Tale and Gattaca1127 Words   |  4 PagesAtwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, and the movie Gattaca reflect dystopian societies in their approach to human reproduction and social class. The illusion of utopia and dehumanization of individuals are present through both societies’ dependence on an elite group of males. Handmaid’s Tale and Gattaca, while sharing similarities between dystopian themes, challenge reproduction from two greatly opposing perspectives: science and religion. In Gattaca, natural conception is highly unrecommendedRead MoreFarenheit451/Gattaca, Relationship Between Man and Machine1243 Words   |  5 PagesENGLISH ESSAY Science fiction is a genre of fiction revolving around science and technology, usually conveying the dystopian alternative future context, the pessimistic resultant of society. Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and Andrew Niccols Gattaca (1997) both explore the values and concerns of human existence. Despite the difference in context, Gattaca and Fahrenheit 451 both extrapolate the relationship between man and machine in a metaphorical sense. Both pose similar dystopian conceptsRead MoreAnalysis of the Bioethical Issues in Gattaca Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Bioethical Issues in Gattaca Biology is the science of life. Technology uses science to solve problems. Our society has progressed in its understanding of life to the point that we are able to manipulate it on a fundamental level through technology. This has led to profound ethical dilemmas. The movie Gattaca explores some important bioethical issues that are currently the focus of much dispute. The underlying thematic issue presented is the question of the extent to which biologicallyRead MoreContagion And Gattaca Analysis1498 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Soderbergh in 2010, and GATTACA, directed by Andrew Niccol in 1997, both explore themes of morality in times of crises, whether these crises are of personal nature or affect a widespread population. Both films explore ethical implications of technology as it pertains to scientific development, and in addition weaves in a narrative surrounding various moral decisions regarding the personal relationships between principal characters. Collectively, Contagion and GATTACA ultimately force their audiencesRead MoreGattaca Movie Review1306 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Gattaca, one of the best science fiction movies thus far, may not be so far from the truth. Many people would wonder why I would say this and it really is for the simple fact that things of the nature that Gattaca is based on can and will eventually in time happen. Regardless if it is frowned upon or not cloning and genetic engineering have already started and the field will continue to grow beyond the general knowledge of it. Looking at anything from fruits and vegetables to mankindRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1727 Words   |  7 Pagesof too much knowledge. This book serves as an ominous warning that warns us that the power of science, if not properly limited, will cause misfortune and unhappiness. Frankenstein s monster, although an incredible feat of science, quickly leads to one tragedy after the next, before ultimately leading to Frankenstein’s downfall. Therefore, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein does indeed prove that modern science, without thoughtful, careful monitoring and responsibility results in terrible tragedy. Read MoreEugenic Decision-Making1489 Words   |  6 Pagesparental free choice is valued. Gregory Stock’s essay, The Enhanced and Un-Enhanced, presents otherwise by supporting the position of maximalist eugenics, allowing individuals the full extent in the selection of genes. On the other hand, the film, Gattaca, raises major ethical problems by illustrating a dystopian society resulted by extensive eugenic decision-making. While both opposing views presents reasonable and valid arguments, the critique of eugenics will be well-debated in the foreseeable futureRead MoreEssay on The Human Genome Project1512 Words   |  7 Pagesat a cost of three billion dollars, with the most current target date for the projects completion at the year 2003. They will then store this information in a centralized database so it can be used as tools for their analysis. Also as a first for science, they are going to address the logical, ethical, and social issues that the project will give ris e to. What is a genome and why is it important? A genome is the DNA that an organism possesses. The DNA is made up of combinations of the four basesRead More Altering Human Genome Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesAltering Human Genome â€Å"The gene pool could use a little chlorine.† -Bumper Sticker â€Å"Consider God’s handiwork; who can straighten what He hath made crooked?† -Ecclesiastes 7:13, from Gattaca â€Å"I not only think that we will tamper with Mother Nature. I think Mother wants us to.† -Willard Gaylin, from Gattaca With the scientific breakthroughs of the recent decades the humans have become more powerful than ever in their mastery of Nature. The genetic engineering that allows extracting and modifyingRead MoreFilm Review : Gattaca And Gattaca2668 Words   |  11 PagesThe films I have chosen to analyse Snowpiercer directed by Joon Ho Bong, Gattaca directed by Andrew Niccol both are movies that show this genre of a futuristic and dystopian society. Snowpiercer and Gattaca show conventions that convey this genre through a dystopian protagonist who standing up against a higher power, restrictions upon freedom and inequality(discrimination) in Gattaca the protagonist Vincent stands up to the labels of valids and invalids and the discrimination between the two labels

Different Aspects of Australian Culture-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Choose two contrasting Australian pieces of any genre and describe how the performer/composter uses the musical element to portray an Australian Identity: 1.Introduction 2.Piece 1 3.Compare 4.Conclusion Answer: 1.The music of a nation gives away many facts about the culture of the country, its language, speech qualities and the various aspect of its life. Every culture has its own music and the country of Australia is no exception in this case. This essay is going to focus on two particular Australian songs, which are very different in their basic qualities and also focus on how both of the songs, though contrasting in nature, portray the different aspects of Australian culture. 2.The first song that the essay is going to focus on is The Dreaming by Vyanah. Vyanah is an Australian musical artist who is recognized for creating soothing music that helps to relax. The song The Dreaming falls in the same category of soothing music. The song is based mainly on the musical instrument called didgeridoo. It is a wind instrument, which had been developed by the indigenous northern Australian citizens[1]. It had been invented almost one thousand five hundred years ago but still is widespread and popular. Musically the instrument is classified as brass aerophone[2]. The song The Dreaming is mainly based in this instrument only. It is almost a six minutes long song, which soothes the nerves and helps one to relax and unwind himself. The use of didgeridoo gives the song a complete Australian essence as the instrument is one part of the Australian culture. The song takes the listeners through a spiritual journey. This song mainly has the essence of the aboriginal Australi ans as the instrument used is of aboriginal origin. The song brings out the soothing aspect of the Australian culture and gives a picture of Australia as a land of peace and comfort. The second song that the essay is going to focus on is completely different from the first one and falls in the category of rock music. The song chosen is Solid Rock, which is a song by the Australian rock band Goanna. Goanna was formed in the year of 1977[3]. It is a folk rock group with members belonging from Australia only. The song Solid Rock was in the album called Spirit of Place that came out in the year of 1982[4]. The song though belonging to a rock band talks about the crisis that the aboriginals faced in Australia due to over taking of the land by the whites[5]. It is almost a song that is first of its kind as it talks about the issues faced by the aboriginals as well as the Australian genocide. Another special factor of the song is the use of a didgeridoo in a rock song. The didgeridoo being an invention of the aboriginals of Australia gives the song an essence of their culture. The song had its origin at Uluru as the lead singer of the band Shane Howard got the idea of t he song while visiting an aboriginal festival at that place[6]. 3.The main contrasting factor of the two above discussed songs lies mainly in the genres they belong to. While The Dreaming belongs to the genre of soothing and relaxing music, Solid Rock belongs to the genre of rock music. However, both of the songs successfully give out a picture of the Australian culture mainly basing on the aboriginals[7]. While the The Dreaming uses a musical instrument developed by the aboriginals only, Solid Rock talks about the issues faced by them and also uses the same instrument as used in the soothing song. Despite having no lyrics and only music The Dreaming successfully brings out the picture of the culture of the country. In case of Solid Rock, it gives a clear picture with the lyrics written by Shane Howard himself. The song shows the troubles that are faced by the aboriginals because of the lands being taken over by the whites, which actually rightfully belong to the aboriginals only[8]. The songs even after belonging to two completely different genr es bring out the cultural essence of Australia beautifully. Both the composers of the song have used their music in order to bring out the Australian identity. Both of them, one with the help of lyrics and one with only music have successfully given out the cultural identity that defines Australia. 4.The essay can be concluded by saying that the two chosen songs justify the idea that songs can bring out the essence of the culture of a country. The songs, being contrasting in their respective genres proves that genres do not matter when it is about bringing out the identity of belonging to the nation. Bibliography: Cain, Melissa. "Musics of The Other: Creating musical identities and overcoming cultural boundaries in Australian music education." British Journal of Music Education 32.1 (2015): 71-86. 'Goanna - Solid Rock Lyrics | Songmeanings' (SongMeanings, 2017) https://songmeanings.com/songs/view/3530822107858569665/ accessed 18 November 2017 McFadyen W, 'Rock Revival' (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2017) https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/rock-revival-20120921-26ap0.html accessed 18 November 2017 Mitchell, Tony. "World music, indigenous music and music television in Australia." Perfect Beat 1.1 (2015): 1-16. Sloane, Jane, and Shane Howard. "Shane Howard: Spirit of place." AQ-Australian Quarterly 87.2 (2016): 26. Taylor, Timothy D. Strange sounds: Music, technology and culture. Routledge, 2014. Cain, Melissa. "Musics of The Other: Creating musical identities and overcoming cultural boundaries in Australian music education." British Journal of Music Education 32.1 (2015): 71-86. Mitchell, Tony. "World music, indigenous music and music television in Australia." Perfect Beat 1.1 (2015): 1-16. Taylor, Timothy D. Strange sounds: Music, technology and culture. Routledge, 2014. Sloane, Jane, and Shane Howard. "Shane Howard: Spirit of place." AQ-Australian Quarterly 87.2 (2016): 26. 'Goanna - Solid Rock Lyrics | Songmeanings' (SongMeanings, 2017) https://songmeanings.com/songs/view/3530822107858569665/ accessed 18 November 2017 McFadyen W, 'Rock Revival' (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2017) https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/rock-revival-20120921-26ap0.html accessed 18 November 2017 Mitchell, Tony. "World music, indigenous music and music television in Australia." Perfect Beat 1.1 (2015): 1-16. Cain, Melissa. "Musics of The Other: Creating musical identities and overcoming cultural boundaries in Australian music education." British Journal of Music Education 32.1 (2015): 71-86.

Iroquois indians free essay sample

York between the Adirondack Mountains and Niagara Falls. With in these sub clans were three subdivided tribes, the turtle, bear, and wolf tribes, which were headed by a clan mother. The Iroquois were all considered an important native group in North American history. All Iroquois nations had matrilineal social structures which means the Iroquois women had more power in the tribe than the men did. They owned the property and the fields and determined kinship. Kinship involves how people classify each other, the rules that affect peoples behavior and peoples actual behavior (Knows and Laird, 2010). Kinship is observed in our lives within our circle of social groups, and how we classify them in regards to importance and how we treat them is based on our classifications of them. The Iroquois were a female dominated group. Unlike most societies, the Iroquois trace their ancestry through the women making them a matrilineal society. We will write a custom essay sample on Iroquois indians or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a culture of responsibility and respect, where each person is valued for their contribution to the group as a whole. Women are the main producers of food and owners of the land. The men help by clearing forest areas to prepare for farming. The men also hunt lid game as well as fight to protect their people. The younger adults are expected to do a handle a larger share of work due to their strength and stamina. The basics of the Iroquois kinship system give responsibilities to all of the members regardless of age or their sex- The Iroquois people are known as the Headcounts or The People of the Longhouse. The Iroquois are a horticultural society located in the Northeast region of North America. Horticultural societies use a matrilineal system mainly because the women grow and prepare the food for the family, primarily corn, beans and squash. They were known as the Three Sisters (Knows and Laird, 2010).The chances that a society being of or remaining a matrilineal society depends upon how much food is obtained from hunting and gathering. The more contributed by hunting and gathering Of the food, the greater their importance and roles will become. The Iroquois communities primarily rely on farmed foods for nutrients and energy as well as small to large hunted game for larger communal feasts, and also intra communal trading. In the Iroquois culture, the woman in a marriage holds majority power. Only once the marriage has appended the husband will lives within the wifes community or tribe.The longhouses provide separate living quarters for each family to occupy. Divorce exists as part of the Iroquois culture. If the wife no longer wants to be married all she simply has to do is place her husbands possessions in front of the house. This is sign enough that she I through. When there are children they will typically remain with the mother after divorce. There are some things in common between our culture and the Iroquois. Unlike most societies the Iroquois are a female dominated group and every person in the Emily has their own responsibilities.Each person is valued for his or her contribution to the group. The Iroquois nation was one of the most powerful tribes in North America. Their religious beliefs were more developed than most other tribes. The Iroquois believed in an all-powerful creator named, the Great Spirit. The Great Spirit was believed to be impossible for human to understand, so in order to help them understand they believe that the Great Spirit sent lesser spirits to earth. The Iroquois called them Invisible Agents. These spirits could Interact with the Iroquois and were given unique powers y the Great Spirit.The lesser spirits represented certain objects or forces, while other spirits represented the weather while another represented a thunderbolt. The Great Spirit was thought to have had a brother, who was called the Evil Minded. He represented all the bad things in the world, while the Great Spirit represented all the good. Iroquois had the choice to either follow the path of good or the path of evil. Iroquois believed the soul was immortal and that the Great Spirit upon death would judge them and an Iroquois could be punished in the afterlife if they were immortal.Religion helped in aiding the Iroquois in developing an extremely successful nation. The Iroquois believed that the Great Spirit indirectly guided the lives Of ordinary men The Iroquois had ritual ceremonies that occurred in line With certain seasonal periods on a yearly basis. These were systematic worship services and their rituals have been passed down for many generations unchanged from the beginning. Many Native American religions have spawned from Iraq Uzis beliefs such as the Longhouse Religion and the Wash Religion. The Iroquois believed that the world was as it should be, ND that mankind could do nothing to change the fact.Iroquois religion is very similar to Christianity, which helped them integrate into the so called white society faster and easily which in turn helped them find common ground and it saved th e Iroquois from being fully wiped out. (Culture summary: Iroquois. Up. 6-9). The Iroquois have a wholly collective duty and also have related attitudes towards property ownership. These concepts have had great meaning to the Iroquois and have influenced and molded their society greatly. It has shaped they way the Iroquois formed their economic yester, political systems, social relationships, and religion.This has led to many openly different worldviews about the Iroquois people. The Iroquois people had a very simple system of government that functioned without many problems. With the emergence of the Europeans, things started to change everywhere they turned a corner. 45720053340Notwithstanding the simplicity of Indian life, and its barrenness of those higher social enjoyments which pertain to refined communities, Indian society was bound together by permanent institutions, governed by fixed laws, and impelled and aided by well-established usages and customs.The diversified powers, motives, and restraints embraced within them, exercised an important influence upon their social life, and therefore they present fruitful and interesting subjects of investigation. To form a judgment of the Indian character, which is founded upon knowledge of his motives and principles of action, he must be seen in his social relations. But it is not deemed advisable to consider these topics minutely. The Iroquois resided in permanent villages. Not knowing the use of wells, they fixed their residences upon the banks of fivers and lakes, or in the vicinity of copious springs.About the period of the formation of the League, when they were exposed to the inroads of hostile nations, and the warfare of migratory bands, their villages were compact and stockade. (L Morgan 306) NOTWITHSTANDING the simplicity of Indian life, and its barrenness of those higher social enjoyments which pertain to refined communities, Indian society was bound together by permanent institutions, governed by fixed laws, and impelled and guided by well-established usages and customs.The diversified powers, motives, and restraints embraced within them, exercised an important influence upon their social life, and therefore they present fruitful and interesting subjects of investigation. To form a judgment of the Indian character, which is founded upon knowledge of his motives and principles of action, he must be seen in his social relations. But it is not deemed advisable to consider these topics minutely. The Iroquois resided in permanent villages. Not knowing the use of wells, they fixed their residences upon the banks of rivers and lakes, or in the vicinity of copious brings.

Tao Te Ching Essays - Taoism, Tao Te Ching, Laozi, Tao, De

Tao Te Ching "The Ancient Masters were profound and subtle. Their wisdom was unfathomable. There is no way to describe it; all we can describe is their appearance." "The best athlete wants his opponent at his best. The best general enters the mind of his enemy. The best businessman serves the communal food. The best leader follows the will of the people ." The teachings from the book, Tao Te Ching helped influence both the social and moral aspects of the Chinese way of life. The teachings have provided hope, and inspiration for the Chinese people. In ancient China, the people were self-providing farmers who lived exclusively off the land. They rarely took the time to intermingle with their neighbors, and the family stood independently. The people had little knowledge about the outside world and had no desire to learn. Far travel was avoided at all costs, due to the strong attachment to one's own home. The people believed that, "No man could be full grown without his roots in his home ." The people referred to their homes as "tien, yuan, lu mo", which meant fields, gardens, houses, graves. The Chinese thought that the causes of crime were soldiers and wanderers. They were considered evil beings for venturing away from they home. The people believed that all things, living and un-living, had spirits in them. They felt that the spirits if disturbed, could drastically affect one's life. They used amulets, spells, prayers, incantations, and special rites to ward of misfortune. This is a direction to a later Lao Tzu's teaching stating, "Practice not-doing, and everything will fall into place ." The home did not limit its members to the current living members; the dead and the future were also considered family. Around 650BC, during the Chou Dynasty, the value of knowledge changed. Although communication between towns was still difficult, many Sages were in desire of knowledge. Some of the most well known sages were; Mencius, Mo Tzu, Confucius, and Lao Tzu, the author of Tao Te Ching. Confucius wrote about the problems of man, and proposed many solutions. He also wrote about authority and respect, and proposed "submissiveness." His works helped influence the way that government was run, and Confucius actively participated in government. His teachings were present in the Chinese government for many years, until the belief in Tao. A sage named Lao Tzu created the Tao religion. Very little is known about Lao Tzu. Even the meaning of his name is a mystery; "the Old Master" or "the Old Boy"? The only thing we do know about Lao Tzu is that he wrote the book, TAO TE CHING, and created a thought revolution. His reference to the eternal force he called Tao, gave people inspiration, and a new method of thinking. Lao Tzu described Tao as, "The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao. The name that can be named is not the eternal Name. The unnamable is the eternally real. Naming is the origin of all particular things. Free from desire, you realize mystery. Caught in desire, you see only the manifestations. Yet mystery and manifestations arise from the same source. Darkness within darkness. The gateway to all understanding. " and later went on to say, "The Tao is infinite, eternal. Why is it eternal? It was never born; thus it can never die. Why is it infinite? It has no desires for itself; thus it is present for all beings. " Taoism believed in little governmental interference. This is best described through the belief that, "the meek would inherit the earth. ". Another example would be from the passage by Lao Tzu stating, "Throw away holiness and wisdom, and the people will be a hundred time happier. Throw away morality and justice, and the people will do the right thing. Throw away industry and profit, and there won't be any thieves. " Taoism is most described as that which is striving for equality. The thought of remaining in the middle, is the general belief in Taoism. . The creation of Yin and Yang derived from the belief of Tao. Tao is not only tangible things, but also what cannot be comprehended. What cannot be seen is also know as the ultimate principle or truth. Tao proposed a new thought pattern for the Chinese people. The people now realized that they need each other. "Being and non-being create each other. Difficult and easy support each other. Long and short define each other. High and low depend on each other. Before and

Many Uses of the Word ;Con in Spanish

Many Uses of the Word ;Con in Spanish The Spanish word  con,  pronounced much like the English word cone, not like con, is one of the most commonly used prepositions. In most uses, it is the equivalent of the English word with.   The word  con is more versatile than the English with, however, and it may be used in places where with might not be used in English.  For example, con can be paired with certain verbs, can be used to form phrases that function like adverbs, indicate conditions, and form contractions. Con Used With Certain Verbs Con  can be used with various verbs where a different preposition  or none at all would be used in English. Such usages are unpredictable and need to be learned along with the verbs. Spanish Sentence English Translation Verb Combination Es necesario acabar con el escndalo. It is necessary to put an end to the scandal. acabar con/put an end to Para comer, basta con cinco dà ³lares. In order to eat, five dollars is enough. basta con/is enough El coche chocà ³ con el tren. The car crashed into the train. chocà ³ con/crashed into Puedo contar con mis amigos. I can count on my friends. contar con/count on Tengo que enfrentarme con el problema. I have to face up to the problem. enfrentarme con/face up to Me espanto con las hormigas. I am frightened of ants. Me espanto con/to be frightened of Muchas veces sueà ±o con la guerra. I often dream about the war. sueà ±o con/dream about Quiero encontrarme con mi madre. I want to run into my mother. encontrarme con/to run into When used with the verbs above, con could be understood to mean with, but it would be awkward to translate it literally that way. Con Used to Form Phrases That Function Like Adverbs In English, with can be used to form adverbial phrases, but but such phrases using con are far more common in Spanish. In some cases, such adverbial phrases  are used in preference to or instead of synonymous adverbs. This list below is far from complete. Spanish Sentence English Translation Adverbial Phrase/Literal Meaning Habla con intensidad. He speaks intensely. con intensidad/with intensity Me preguntà ³ con cortesà ­a. He asked me courteously. con cortesà ­a/with courtesy Vive con felicidad. She lives happily. con felicidad/with happiness Anda con prisa. She walks fast. con prisa/with speed No reacciona con miedo. She doesn't react fearfully. con miedo/with fear Nos abrazamos con carià ±o. We hugged affectionately. con carià ±o/with caring Comenzà ³ las tareas con buena cara. He began his homework optimistically. con buena cara/with a good face Bailan con confianza. They dance confidently. con confianza/with confidence Hablaron con calma. They spoke calmly. con calma/with calm Habla espaà ±ol con fluidez. She speaks Spanish fluently. con fluidez/with fluency Se viste con humildad. He dresses humbly. con humildad/with humility Da su opinià ³n con libertad. She freely gives her opinion. con libertad/with freedom Te quiero con locura. I love you madly. con locura/with craziness Estamos esperando con ilusià ³n. We are waiting hopefully. con ilusià ³n/with hope Juega fà ºtbol con ganas. He plays soccer enthusiastically. con ganas/with gusto El perro duerme con frecuencia. The dog sleeps often. con frecuencia/with frequency Con Used to Indicate a Condition Sometimes when followed by an infinitive or a noun, con can have a variety of translations to indicate a condition being met or not. Translations for con in this case can include if, despite, and by. Spanish Sentence English Translation Meaning of Condition Con decirle que no tengo dinero, todo estar bien. By telling him that I don't have money, everything will be fine. con decirle/by telling him Con todo, no est enferma. Despite everything, she's not sick. con todo/despite everything Con correr puedes verla. If you run you can see her. con correr/if you run Con Used as a Contraction When con is followed by the pronoun mà ­ or ti to say with me or with you, the phrase is changed to conmigo or contigo, respectively. Spanish Sentence English Translation Contraction Ven conmigo. Come with me. conmigo/with me Vendrà © contigo. I will come with you. contigo/with you Key Takeaways Although con is the usual  equivalent of the English preposition with, it is often used in situations were with is not.Con is frequently paired with numerous verbs in unpredictable ways.Con is also frequently used with prepositional objects to form phrases that function as adverbs in situations where English would more likely simply use an adverb.

LOVE (14% Discount) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LOVE (14% Discount) - Essay Example Effect of a microorganism or virulence of a bacterium may be caused by an organism being physically present in the host where it releases toxins to the host directly or its preformed toxins get into another organism’s body system through various routes such ingestion, skin etc. The virulence of microorganisms varies across genus as well as species. In this paper, I am going to describe two bacteria, explain their ecological niche, and finally compare them. After a thorough evaluation of bacteria I have rested on Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The reason for selecting the two organisms is that they share a common feature of exhibiting a rectangular shape but their behaviors are totally different. Their similarities and differences are expounded below. Lactobacillus bulgaricus’ is a non pathogenic organism. It occurs in its natural environment and its ecological niche is where there is its requirements for growth are provided especially in dairy products that contain lactose. It is chemoorganotrophic meaning that it must obtain energy and carbon from organic compounds. It is a rod shaped and the rods join end to end to form a filamentous structure that are extensively long. This bacterium is a gram positive facultative anaerobe. Based on this fact, Lactobacillus bulgaricus can be homofermenative or heterofermentative. When it comes to motion, the bacterium is non motile because it does not possess locomotion. When conditions become unfavorable this particular bacterium does not form a spore. According to Guchte (2006) its size based on its shape ranges between 0.5-0.8 x 2.0-9.0mm. For this bacterium to grow it requires a medium whose pH ranges between 4.6 -5.4 (Guchte, 2006). The fact that it can only hydrolyse lactose sugar makes it quite important to food industry because of its by-products. When

Halford Mackinder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Halford Mackinder - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the ability of European powers to exert their influence was sorely tested through the manner in which they competed among themselves. This was especially the case considering that most of the actions that they undertook to ensure their greatness tended to go against the interests of other powers. In this way, such countries as Germany had a hard time because they could not exert their influence in any direction within Europe in such a way that it was surrounded by European powers such as Britain to the west, Russia to the east, and Austria-Hungary to the south. The result was that this country could not take any action that risked antagonising any of its neighbours, hence creating a situation where there was likely to be war on the European continent.This paper discusses that  the rise of new powers such as the United States and Japan posed a challenge to the European dominance of the world especially when one considers that these were relatively young in dustrialised countries, which could also exert their influence over their immediate regions. It is through the rise of these powers that it became possible to notice that European powers were on the decline. The ability of European powers, especially Britain, to bring its influence to bear over the rest of the world came to be sorely tested through the coming of these two powers on the scene.  The closing of the global political system meant regional powers were rising which were essentially challenging the status quo.

Analysis of the Rivalry between Video Games(Playstation, Wii and Xbox) Essay

Analysis of the Rivalry between Video Games(Playstation, Wii and Xbox) - Essay Example Previously, Sega was a prominent player in the industry, however, in current times, the three leaders in the industry; namely, Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft, have always been neck-to-neck against each other. Throughout the course of time, Atari began the industry with its 4-bit games and then, Nintendo’s rivalry with Sega spanned throughout the 1980’s and until the middle of 1990’s. Then, Sony launched its Playstation and it took the industry by surprise. Since then Sega stopped its game race while Microsoft entered the market with its Xbox 360. The inclination of the video game companies in the last century circled around the basic factors of competition such as the edge over technology, better diversity of gaming experience and a connection with consumers’ imagination. However, since the last decade, companies have switched their focus to a changing scenario and diverse consumer preferences. Focus has been on wireless and network-enabling features, along with better graphics. The companies claim their products’ value-proposition to be a complete entertainment package and not just a gaming console.The video game industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. With early analogue game inventions in the mid 1900s, the video gaming industry has picked up on pace by the end of 1990s. Since then, the industry has never looked back. Various multinational companies and massive customer bases have developed this business into a multi-billion dollar industry. Buyers are literate and in all ages - predominantly preteens, teens and young adults. The game player’s age has increased to 33 and 25% of buyers are over age 50 (Izushi and Aoyama, 2006). Game console is the largest segment in the industry, but online, mobile, PC software and broadband are some of the fastest growing segments. In the past decade, the video gaming industry has been growing sharply and is expected continue to grow in the future. The growth ra te of global video games has been very healthy especially since 2000; the market size increased from 24,352 million in 2000 to 51,292 million in 2010 (Competition in the Video Game Console Industry: Nintendo, Sony, And Microsoft Battle For Supremacy, 2009).   The industry comprises of numerous game developers, however, the top companies are only a handful, while others are niche players. According to a research mentioned in the article ‘Competition in the Video Game Console Industry: Nintendo, Sony, And Microsoft Battle For Supremacy’, there are only 3 major players; Sony, Xbox and Nintendo. Broadly speaking, research found 6 leading video game consoles appeal to generate large-volume sales of new units in 2007: namely, Microsoft’s Xbox 360; Sony PlayStation 3 and hand-held PSP; and Nintendo’s Wii, Game Boy Advance, and DS/DS Lite. The major markets for these companies for business is the US and Asia market. The report discusses the business rivalry pers istent in the video game industry worldwide. Through the course of this report, the reader can find brief cases of each major game developer and the nature of rivalries

The Bone Growth And Development Health And Social Care Essay

The Bone Growth And Development Health And Social Care Essay Imtramembranous ossification starts during the development within the womb and where the flat bones and some bone of the skull and the collarbone are formed from connective tissue. This is also the method which helps injured bones to heal and develops when bones are broken to reconstruct the bone. This process also occurs during embryonic development which is endochondrial ossification, this is where bones are produced from cartilage. Endochodrial ossification is the process when the development of long bones occurs such as the development of arms and legs. Within intramembranous ossification there is no cartilage present as the bones develop from other connective tissues. The begin of intramembranous ossification starts from stem cells, these cells then have to develop into a particular cell type, such as osteoblasts which are cells that create bone tissue, spongy inner tissue of the marrow and the mineralised compact bone tissue which encloses the marrow. There are many different s tages which take place throughout intramembranous ossification due to the stem cells change, differentiate and develop into specific types of bone cells. A related process takes place to repair broken or damaged bone as the bone tissue develops from membranous or connective tissue in a similar way that they develop within the womb. In the process of stem cells form layers of relatively primitive connective tissue and some develop into bone-producing cells. During this there is a bone matrix of calcium which eventually gathers into bone spicules. When bone matrix is expelled the bone spicules grow in size, which leads to the greater formation called a trabeculae which bulild up on top on each other to form a wovenbone where as some trabeculae stay as spongy tissues which then develop into bonemarrow. The bones which progress through the intramembranous ossification develop into the patella, the parietal, frontal, occipitial and temporal bones in the skull, the patella and the upper a nd low jawbones. Inramembranous ossification also adds to bone growth particularly in short bones and the thickening of long bones as they grow. The process which is responsible for the lengthening of the bones is called epiphysis and occurs at the ends of the bones, the epiphyseal place is found under the epiphyses and before the diaphysis. During puberty and early adulthood this is usually present and is the location of bone growth. When this process has fully taken place the the epiphyseal plate completely ossifies and closes after this there is a thin line still only a thin line is still there and the bones can no longer grow in length. Endochondral ossification Endorchondral ossification is where cartilage eventually gets replaced with bone during the development. During this process the osteoblasts occur in regions of cartilage called the ossification centres. These osteoblasts then progress into osteocytes which are mature bone cells which harden the bone matrix. The majority of bones occur from a mixture of intramembranous and endochodral ossification. During this process the mesencymal cells progress into chondroblasts which increase in number through cell division which then increase in size and expel a matrix which hardens because of the occurrence of inorganic minerals, which leads to the forming of chambers within the matrix. Osteoblasts and blood-forming cells go through these chambers. These osteoblasts expel minerals which form the bone matrix. Mature hardened bone consists of an organic element and a mineral element, mature hardened bone is also living tissue. The majority of the organic element is made up of proteins such as, c ollagen fibres, an extracelluar matrix, and fibroblasts, which consist of the living cells which create the collagen and the matrix. The mineral part of the bone is made up of hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate which provides strength and rigidity. Through the life of an individual the osteoblasts constantly expel minerals and the osteoclasts constantly reabsorb the minerals. File:Bone growth.png The skeletal system starts to develop during the third week after conception with the development of the notochord with is the construction of the back of the embryo which develops into the spine, spinal cord and the brain. During the four week of conception arms and legs are visable, with the fingers and toes developing around the eighth week of conception, after this the limbs start to expand and take on specific shape. By the fifth week the embryo has doubled in size and there is a tail-like structure which eventually develops itno the coccyx. During the seventh week the embryos facial features are visible and the 206 bones are all in place. Although the process of osteogenesis has not yet taken place fully as the bones are do not harden until further development. The majority of bony nuclei of the long bones and round bones do not finish developing until after birth. There are many different types of the main human bones which are the long, short, flat and irregular bones. The long, short and irregular bones develop due to endochondral ossification this is the process were cartilage is replaced by bone. The development of flat bones occur during intramembranous ossificaion with the bone developong by sheets of connective tissue, around 80 percent of the mature skeleton is represented by compact cortical bone which supports the body, at the midpoint of the long bones there is extra thickness to stop the bones from bending. Cancellous bone has a porous structure which has small cavities and is similar to sponge; it is found mainly in the pelvis and within the 33 vertebrae from the neck to the tailbone. Long bones increase in length by adding to the epiphyseal plate. When the bones lengthen they go through a process called remodelling, throughout this process the outer shape of the bones change as well. The bones of the skull grow due to the layers which add to the circumference of the skull by this occuring the skll becomes thicker. During birth long bones have more than one ossification centre, which grow during childhood up until the epiphyseal plates become fused with he shaft of the diaphysis. tHis process is motivated due to the hormones in the testes and ovaries, there hormones signal the linear growth of the long bones to reach the end of the growth. Flat and round bones of the skeleton are able to continue growth throughout life. Spinal Curves The vertebral column is one of the primary support structures of the human skeleton, and consists of individual pseudoseparate and fused vertebrae which allow the movement and support of the skull, and the flexibility of the neck and back and provides secure locations for the ribs and protection of the spinal cord. The spine consists of seven cervial vertebrae which form the neck, tweleve toracic vertebrae forming the upper back and five lumbar vertebrae forming the lower back. Near the bottom of the spine there is the sacrum which is made up of five fused vertebrae which secures the spine to the pelvic girdle and the coccyx which is a semi-flexible sequence of around four vertebrae which assist in the support of the the lower alimentary tract. Inbetween each vertebrae there is a intervertabral disk which is made up of cartilage and cushions the vertabral column to protect the spine from trauma, the interverebral disks also act as a shock absorber. The spine is held together by a seq uence of ligaments which include the intertransverse ligaments which run down the length of the spine and are attached to the transverse processes of each vertebrae. The spinal cord is a primary nerve pathway to and from the brain which proceed down a canal in the centre of the spinal column. The spine consists of four natural curves. Two are lordotic and two are kyphotic. The cervical and lumbar curves are lordotic. The thoracic and sacral curves are kyphotic. The curves help to distribute mechanical stress as the body moves. Cervial The cervial spine consists of seven vertebrae which are located at the top of the spine and is often referred to of the neck. One of the purposes of the cervial spine is to contain and protect the spinal cord, support the skull and to allow the head movement from side to side and to bend forward and backwards. There are many different ligaments, muscles and tendons which assist in supporting and stabilising the cervical spine. The main role of the ligaments is to stop excessive movement which could lead to damaging the cervial spine and spinal cord. The muscles in the cervical spine help the spinal balance and to provide movement, the muscles contract and relax due to the nerve impulses which are signaled from the brain. Some muscles work in pairs and some contract and the opposingmuscle relaxes, there are many different types of muscle which are lateral flexors, forward flexors, rotators and extensors. Thoracic The thoracic vertebrae form the posterior part of the bony thoracic cage. The thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae which eventually increase in size. The Thoracic spine is found in the chest area, and the ribs are connected to the thoracic spine and protect a number of vital organs. Lumbar The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae which are positioned below the thoracic vertebrae and the fused vertebrae of the sacrum. These vertebraeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s are a lot larger than the vertebrae of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. The vertebral foramen is normally triangular with the spinous process pointing backwards and is rectangular or hatchet-shaped. Each vertebra are positioned on top of each other and between each one there is a intervertabral disk which is made up of cartilage and cushions the vertabral column to protect the spine from pressure, they distribute stress and prevent the vertebrae from grinding against each other. Ligaments and Tendons Groups of ligaments hold the vertebrae and discs together and they connect bone to bone. The main function of tendons is to hold muscle to bone. Within the spine the tendons connect muscles to the vertebrae they also help to stabilise the spine and protect them from extreme movement in any one direction.       ?spinal http://www.nursingtimes.net/the-skeletal-system-bone-growth-and-healing/201797.article http://science.jrank.org/pages/4933/Ossification.html http://www.answers.com/topic/skeletal-development

All Quiet on the Western Front :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul Baumer is the protagonist in All Quiet on the Western Front written by Erich Maria Remarque. Paul changes his values throughout the novel as a result of having to adapt in order to survive. As Baumer struggles to survive the war, he transforms as shown by his thoughts, actions, and the conversations that he contributes in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One way that Paul changes is that his patriotism towards his country about war decreases. Paul is sitting with his men around a fire picking off lice and comparing them before throwing them in the fire. Muller starts to ask others what they would do if and when the war is over. After dwelling on the topic for a while they realized the younger men do not know how to do anything but fight. They joined the war at such a young age that they did not get a chance to explore anything else. â€Å"‘The war has ruined us for everything.’† At the beginning of the novel he is excited about defending his country and destroying the enemy, but after having interaction with soldiers from the opposing side he realizes that they are all the same. They are just soldiers fighting for their countries and eager to get home. Paul’s experience in combat changes his thoughts of war. Because of this, he gains the ability to reflect on the events that happen. His own ideas of war changes when he first witnesses the ugly truth of war. Paul’s first experience in combat reveals to him that everything he was taught as a young recruit are lies. This causes him to make his own conclusions and thoughts about the war. As the war goes on, Paul realizes more and more about the reality of the situation that he is in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul loses his innocence and childhood during the war; as a result, he becomes a man. In chapter seven, there is a scene where Paul, Leer, Kropp, and Tjaden swims. Three French women walk on the river bank. Paul and the others make hand motions with a loaf of bread and spoke in broken French. They make plans to meet the girls later that night. â€Å"We call out to them that we would like to come; sometimes when the guards cannot see us...we assure them that we will bring some with us... and other tasty bits too.† (Remarque 145) Through this trade, Paul uses the women for his urges.

Composed Upon Westminister Bridge Essay

This poem is all about the poets epiphany-like realisation about London’s beauty while crossing Westminster bridge. He opens the poem with a hyperbole, designed to grab the attention of the reader. He continues this with almost an accusation: â€Å"Dull would he be of soul who could pass by†. This is basically challenging the reader to read on, as he or she would be ‘dull of soul’. In the next line, the word â€Å"now† shows that it is not just this place, but this time that adds to the atmosphere. This is supported where Wordsworth describes the beauty of the morning as a garment that the city wears. This shows that the city is not always this beautiful, but with the morning being ‘worn’ it is. The next two lines show that the beauty is added to both by human creations and by nature, in a serene confluence that astounds Wordsworth. The volta (transition between octave and sestet) is subtle, but the sestet starts with another hyperbolic statement: â€Å"Never did sun more beautifully steep†. In the third line of the sestet, he describes that the atmosphere is making him feel â€Å"a calm so deep†. This is counter-intuitive, as London is a busy, bustling, and hectic place. The fact that it is calm emphasises that it is the time more than the place which creates the feeling. In the fourth line, Wordsworth writes â€Å"the river glideth at his own sweet will†. The word ‘glide’ implies that the river is taking its time- it is in no rush. Also, he uses of the word â€Å"glideth† instead of ‘glide’ because the ‘-th’ sound is softer then the ‘-s’ sound, adding to the mood of calm. The poet ends saying that the city is so unusually calm and quiet, and that at this time all of the energy and madness of city life is not yet there- and he loves it.

Art review essays

Art review essays Art review: SEVEN COLORS OF SOLITUDES Playwright and director: Fung Ka Leung There are total 7 plays of SEVEN COLORS OF SOLITUDES: Yellow ( A photographer captured by time); Blue ( A Cellist lost in emotion), Green ( A Nurse envisioned by Desire); Purple ( A restaurant Owner drowned in Memory); Cyan ( An Insurance Agent trapped in Reality); Red ( A MTR Film Buff reminiscent of Love); Orange ( Young Girl waiting for hope).Seven plays shows seven anonymous people, living in seven secluded places and seven monotonous days. They all get a letter from a strange girl which records her lonely footprints. Among the 7 different stories in the performance, I loved the Yellow part most. The topic of it is Yellow: A photographer captured by Time. The background of this play is Peace Memorial Museum in Hiroshima. A photographer (acted by Ray Yuen) dated an old friend there. The setting there is as below. To most of the people, Peace Memorial Museum implied the explosion of Atomic Bomb, which gives out a feeling of sadness and death and yellow give out the feeling of the past; I do think the director is using this background as a hint to present the relationship of the photographer and his old friends. Also, At the beginning of this play, the photographer shouted, Every history has its end, at first I just thought it was only talking about the explosion of Atomic Bomb during WWII, but later, I think that its also talking about the relationship between the photographer and his old friend. And my conjecture is right, the photographers old friend refused to came to the museum to meet him but sending her daughter ~Riko to come, which instrumentally telling the photographer she dont want to meet him again . The director do a well job here: before telling us the photographer s ...

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart essays

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart essays Mozart was one of the greatest composers who ever lived, and yet, he did not realize financial success during his life. Today, that would be nearly impossible. Mozart's life was very different from the world of today. The general setting was quite opulent. He often performed in palaces and mansions of the rulers and wealthy and their homes were massive, with very formal and highly decorated room. The costumes were also quite opulent and much more formal than they are today. In fact, while Mozart himself seemed like a relatively normal man, who liked to have fun, his world was very different and very formal. Probably the biggest clue to the revolution from aristocracy to democracy was Mozart's inability to earn a living. In the beginning of "Amadeus," he was playing in an opulent palace for rich aristocrats. By the end of the film, he was writing operas for the "common" people that were far different from the formal music he played in drawing rooms. His opera was bawdy and raucous, and appealed to a wide variety of "lower-class" people who filled the theater. That was a big clue to what was going on in society, and why Mozart had trouble finding work. Mozart's employment was a source of frustration throughout his life. He could not find a reliable patron, and the people he served were difficult and bad-tempered. He often had to beg for money from friends, and so did his wife. There was not a "music business" then as there is today, and so his employment was always tenuous at best, even when he wrote wonderful music. Salieri was more standard, so he did not upset his employers, and he was more successful in his employment. However, he was not as talented as Mozart was, and he knew it, which is why he envied Mozart and his talent. Mozart's music was used throughout this film, which makes sense, as it was a film about him. However, it was also used to set the mood of what was happening. The opening was light and fun,...

Design an ethics program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Design an ethics program - Essay Example There are many forms of business ethics such as the philosophy of the business. By this we mean that if the sole purpose of the firm is to maximize the wealth of its shareholders then they will not consider the interest of anyone else. Then there is the concept of corporate social responsibility which considers the rights of company and the society as a whole. Then there are ethical issues pertaining to the intra industry competition, corporate governance and the misuse of the ethics for one's own benefits. In order to overcome such ethical issues companies focus more these days towards the formation of their ethical program in the organization. They are diverted towards promoting non social values by addressing such issues on their company websites under headings such as social responsibility charters and the codes of social conduct and so on. There are mainly three ways in which the company can make this ethical program. One such business is ABC manufacturer of cereals offering products for children and family. The company also sells frozen waffles and pancakes. It is very important for them to generate an ethics program as over the years it has been seen that businesses and governments have to confront public, political and legal reactions in cases of misconduct. Compliance with the company's policies, regulations and procedures is an effective tool for the smooth functioning of the organization as well as its reputation of the business. Customers also perceive you positively. Successful organizations particularly lay special emphasis on it due to its benefits. It reduces widespread risk. It is sign of good corporate governance; it will facilitate the company in achieving its goals and long term prosperity. It will promote the values of the organization and help it in maintain its ethical health (Fraedrich & Farrell, 2008-09). There are mainly three ways in which ABC can make this ethical program. ABC can form specific rules and guidelines in order to regulate their standards for example a written code of conduct or it can form a statement which comprises of the missions and values of the business. Then there are some firms that apply corporate philosophy such as Hewlett Packard did, they defined it as HP's way of doing business. Like Hewlett many business organizations use this approach. Research has shown that there are a lot of benefits of such a program such as the prevention of misconduct, this will save the monetary losses and also gain customer trust. The business will be adaptive to organizational change. By implementing the rules they can come up with various other ways of mergers, acquisitions and adapting new technology. Prevent them from getting fines of billions of dollars and penalties which can be very costly. It will help boost the relationship with the stakeholders. Stakeholders are all the groups related to the business that have some form of interest in the business. The company will be able to get away with the corporate scandals if they have a defined compliance and ethics program. Moreover external auditors go through the compliance culture of the company while performing the audit of the company. They have their own

Advantages and Disadvantages of Capitalism and Socialism Research Paper

Advantages and Disadvantages of Capitalism and Socialism - Research Paper Example This essay declares that capitalism has slowly emerged to what it has become today, to an extent that it is the most common system of government especially in United States and Europe. Factor that characterize capitalism can be put under four groups of behavioral and institutional structures that are; goods production that is market oriented; production means that is privately owned; a great population that is non existent unless it sells its power to labor in the market; an economic system that displays individualism and need to acquire by most people. This paper stresses that every economic system has its strengths and weaknesses and capitalism is not an exception. Some of the pros of capitalism include economic freedom that spill over to become political freedom, when the means of production and price determination is in the governments hand, it gives the government a lot of power that leads to bureaucracy that may be evident in other parts of life as well. Capitalism experiences efficiency as firms are motivated to be efficient in producing goods according to demand. Such incentives encourage cost cutting and reduced wastage. State firms have a tendency of being inefficient as they lack the motivation for instance to reduce the surplus work force and venture into innovative methods of production. As individuals and companies encounter motivation to work hard, this leads to innovation and expansion of the economy, consequently this aids in increased actual growth of the GDP and improved standards of living.

Adminstrative Ethics and Patient Privacy Research Paper

Adminstrative Ethics and Patient Privacy - Research Paper Example These include trust and confidentiality among others. However, in the issue discussion, the paper aims at understanding recent ethical problems from different perspectives. In conclusion, it supports the concept of penalizing violators of patient privacy. In addition, different forms of thinking used in this paper are also discussed. In summary, similar to any other right, patient privacy is extremely fundamental thus deserves respect. Introduction In administrative ethics, beliefs are described as an acceptance that the administration and the staff people perceive at the hospital as truth or reality to private privacy. It may also include a conviction or opinion that is steadfastly held by the staff involved. Values, on the other hand, are the significant beliefs or attitudes, which people acknowledge by choice, pride or articulate in action with a sense of responsibility and ownership towards patient privacy. Similarly, perception involves the selection, organization and interpreta tion of sensory data in a form that enables us to understand the world patients and their privacy. Perception can also be the way people interpret outside events and experiences into sensible internal comprehension. Alternatively, administrative ethics involves the principles of right and wrong that determine the roles and functions of administration officers. On that note, it should involve responsibility to the society, virtues, principles, and benefits that assist the patient in safeguarding his privacy (Bruce, 2001). Ethics can also be the internal regulations that push a person to obey or not obey certain external facts. Therefore, what is the link between beliefs, values, perception and ethics in administrative matters and patient privacy? In this aspect, the general beliefs people have toward administrative ethics and the privacy of patients is what generates to various values. However, ethics is the perception of people toward these values in a setting such as a hospital and they relate to the privacy of patients. Ethical action according to me is the method of realizing a problem, producing substitutes and selecting among them in order for the substitute chosen to capitalize on the most significant ethical values. Additionally, the substitute selected is also meant to achieve the intended goal (Kaner, 2011). Therefore, in my view, the most important beliefs and customs in consideration of behavior pertaining to patient privacy are several. For instance, medical practitioners involved in the administrative ethics of patient privacy should have an open mind, which makes them unbiased towards their patients. In addition, their personal convictions should have ethical basis, which do not end up affecting the trust of the patients. Issue Statement Various contemporary administrative ethics are applicable in different organizational settings. For instance, there are positive issues such as honesty, fairness and integrity that have an effect on patient priva cy. On the other hand, there are negative issues in the form of lying, abusive or intimidating behavior, bribery, corporate intelligence and discrimination. However, in this case, we are going to discuss the administrative ethical issue of discrimination in relation to breach of a patient’s privacy. Discrimination as a form of negative ethical issue is the prejudice against a person on the grounds of color, disability, religion, marital status, sexual orientation, public assistance status and age among others (Abele, 2004). These forms of prejudice go at betraying the trust and confidentiality of the patient leading to gross violation of rights and freedoms. So, why do

Higher education Essay Example for Free

Higher education Essay A Chronicle of Higher Education article states that only 34 percent of high-achieving high-school seniors in the bottom quarter of family income went to one of the 238 most selective colleges, compared with 78 percent of students from the top quarter (Markell). Certainly, these numbers show that students that come from low income families aren’t getting the opportunities that they deserve. With college costs going nowhere but up, students from low-income families face tough decisions. Some students choose to attend community college while some make the decision to take out additional loans. There are also those who choose to drop out because they can no longer sustain the cost of college. Those who don’t have the money to go to a selective college are often not reaching their full potential. Therefore, college cost should be lowered so that more people can have the opportunity to get higher education. Such a push is needed; firstly, due to the continuous rise in tuition, higher education is becoming less and less affordable for low-income students. According to the Journal of College Admission, from 1982 to 2007, college tuition and fees increased by 439 percent, while median family income increased by 147 percent. Last year, the net cost at four-year public universities amounted to 28 percent of median family income, while a four-year private college or university consumed 76 percent of median family income (Mahoney). These numbers show that college cost has risen at a rate that has consistently outpaced the median family income and also inflation. Patrick Callan, president of the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, states, â€Å"If we go on this way for another 25 years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education†(Callan). Essentially, if college cost doesn’t stop increasing it will become unaffordable and many will choose not to get higher education. Furthermore, there are many students who aren’t getting the opportunity that they deserve because they are not able to afford it. At the most competitive colleges, only 14 percent of students come from the lower 50 percent of families by income (Perez-Pena). Some low-income students who study very hard cant reach the diploma or certificate. A New York Times article states, â€Å"While 2. 8 million students enroll in some form of higher education each year, most do not proceed straight through to graduation. Only one in five of those who enroll in two-year institutions earn an associate degree within three years, and only two in five of those who start four-year colleges complete their degrees within six years†(Lewin). College being outrageously expensive is one of the reasons students are not reaching their full potential. Access to higher education has become increasingly difficult for low income families, yet a college degree is more important than ever in today’s economy. Indeed, there’s no denying that college tuition and expenses aren’t cheap. In the 2011-12 academic year, the average net cost for a full-time student at an in-state public university was about $15,000 for tuition, fees, room, board, books and incidental expenses, according to the College Board (Clark). Four years of college costs about 60,000 dollars. Aside from tuition, college students also have to worry about the other expenses that come with being a college student. Those who don’t have enough to afford it are faced with tough decisions. According to a New York Times article, about 7 in 10 of the dropouts said they had no scholarship or loan aid. Among those who got degrees, only about four in 10 went without such aid (Perez-Pena). College students who come from low-income families are being forced to take out additional loans to afford college. Some students choose to attend community college while some make the decision to take out additional loans. There are also those who choose to drop out because they can no longer sustain the cost of college. Often times, students cannot afford the cost of living while completing a college education. Certainly, there are many reasons why students drop out of college, but the decision oftentimes has a lot to do with money. According to Public Agenda, a nonpartisan public policy research firm that conducted a telephone survey of more than 600 people ages 22 to 30 for the report, â€Å"Of students surveyed, 58 percent said they did not receive any financial help from their parents or relatives to pay tuition or fees, and 69 percent had no scholarships or financial aid† (Johnson). More than half of students are not being supported by their families or anyone else for that matter. Also, more than one-half of students are not receiving any type of scholarship or financial aid. The dropouts’ most popular solutions were allowing part-time students to qualify for financial aid, offering more courses on weekends and evenings, cutting costs and providing child care (Johnson). Most times, it’s just not attainable for a college student to afford college costs. Moreover, students who don’t have financial help from family or are not fortunate enough to get scholarships or grants are often forced work to pay for school. The New York Times states, â€Å"The top reason the dropouts gave for leaving college was that it was just too hard to support themselves and go to school at the same time. Balancing work and school was a bigger barrier than finding money for tuition, they said. In fact, more than a third of the dropouts said that even if they got a grant that covered their books and tuition, it would be hard to go back to school, given their work and family commitments† (Lewin). Essentially, low-income students are having to work while attending college. Many students find it difficult to find time to study, because they are too busy working part-time jobs in able to pay for their education and other necessities. Those students who are not able to balance school, work, and also other things often end up dropping out. A downturn in college tuition would definitely help those students who are in need of help financially. Ultimately, a decrease in college cost would greatly benefit the larger society. There will be more students who will be able to afford higher education. With this in mind, higher education will lead to better access to jobs with higher pay and the broadening of a college student’s social and mental horizons. College students will also no longer have to worry about being buried in debt after college. As Obama, the 44th president of the United States of America, states, â€Å"As a nation, our future ultimately depends on equipping students like you with the skills and education a 21st-century economy demands. If you have the opportunity to reach your potential and go as far as your talent and hard work will take you, that doesn’t just mean a higher-paying job or a shot at a middle-class life — it means a stronger economy for us all. Because if your generation prospers, we all prosper. And I’m counting on you to help us write the next great chapter in our American story† (Obama). In other words, Obama believes that higher education can lead people to success and that it is vital to the nation’s future. Lower college cost will lead to students reaching their potential. While it is true that a decrease in college tuition would just lead to students who are not meant for college wasting their time, there are many students who are actually academic material that cannot afford to get higher education. A study by the Hamilton Project at the Brookings Institution in Washington points out that half of Americans in the top fourth of the income distribution have a college degree. Among the poorest fourth of Americans, fewer than one in ten graduated from college (Porter). Higher education is turning into a privilege for the higher society. The rising cost of college is preventing low-income students from getting higher education. A decrease in college cost will give low-income students more options and it will benefit the larger society in the future. Ultimately, what is at stake here is that students who have the potential to succeed in college are not able to attend because they lack money. College has turned into a privilege for the higher society when it should be one’s right. Colleges need to be more accountable for making sure that their students graduate. Decreasing college cost will also decrease the number of students being in debt after finishing college. Higher education cost rising is causing low-income students to be locked out of higher education. Therefore, college cost should be lowered so that more students will have the opportunity to get higher education, especially those who lack money. Works Cited Clark, Kim. â€Å"How much does college actually cost? † cnn. com. CNN. Web. 24 November 2013. Johnson, Jenna. â€Å"Majority of college dropouts cite financial struggles as main cause. † The Washington Post. The Washington Post, 8 December 2009. Web. 24 November 2013. Lewin, Tamar. â€Å"College Dropouts Cite Low Money and High Stress. † New York Times. New York Times, 9 December 2009. Web. 24 November 2013. Mahoney, John L. Thoughts In Troubled Times. Journal Of College Admission 209 (2010): 4-6. Academic Search Complete. Web. 24 November 2013. Markell, Jack. How To Give Low-Income Students The Chance They Deserve. Chronicle Of Higher Education 60. 6 (2013): A27. Academic Search Complete. Web. 24 November 2013. Obama, Barack H. â€Å"President Obama on Early Childhood Education. † Remarks by the President on Early Childhood Education. Decatur Community Recreation Center, Decatur, Georgia. 14 February 2013. Perez-Pena, Richard. â€Å"Efforts to Recruit Poor Students Lag at Some Elite Colleges. † New York Times. New York Times, 30 July 2013. Web. 24 November 2013. Porter, Eduardo. â€Å"Dropping Out of College, and Paying the Price. † New York Times. New York Times, 25 June 2013. Web. 24 November 2013.

The Mass Media and the Futile Search for Extraterrestrial Life Essay

Sure we've all seen movies and read books about extraterrestrial beings landing on the Earth and conquering the human race. And millions of us have viewed TV shows like "The X-files" and "Third Rock From the Sun." These forms of popular culture share a common thread -- extraterrestrial life. Yet the underlying question is, does the mass media take extraterrestrialism seriously? Or do they mock it? Or do they simply exaggerate its credibility? In the majority of these cases, the mass media not only takes on the third mode of exaggeration, it shifts focus from more important and serious issues such as extraterrestrial life at the cellular level. The media loves to play with the minds of viewers, making them believe in something which realistically is probably untrue. The early history of extraterrestrial life traces back to the 1940s and 1950s. Stories of alien abduction sprang up everywhere becoming a general trend. At the time, alien abduction was defined as the forced removal of a person from his /her physical location to another place. It may include an altered state of awareness for the purpose of physical, surgical or psychological procedures performed by non-humans. After the abduction, the person is returned to his or her physical location and frequently has little or no recollection of the experience. Where did this all begin? It began in 1898 when H.G. Welles published his book The War of The Worlds. The time period was one of huge tension and military armament. This was a marker that World War I was going to break out. Welles novel addressed that very dread. The aliens were from the future and were perceived as an evil threat to mankind. But books like these and TV shows like "The X-Files" are always a projection... ...Visitors?" Frank McConnell,Commonweal Volume 123 #20 Nov.22, 1996 Bibliography Books: Sagan, Carl. Cosmos; Contact. Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space. Kieffer, H.H. Mars University of Arizona Press 1992 Articles: Sagan, Carl. "The Search for Extraterrestrial Life." Scientific American. October 1994 "The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: Scientific Quest of Hopeful Folly?" "Titan: A Laboratory for Prebiological Organic Chemistry." Accounts of Chemical Research. July 1992 "A Search for Life on Earth from the Galileo Spacecraft." Nature. October 21, 1993. McKay, David. "Evaluating the Evidence for Past Life on Mars." Web Sites: SETI Institute Web Site: http://www.seti-inst.edu/ http:// www.abduct.com/experien.htm http://ntdwwaab.compuserve.com/homepages/Andy page/abduction.htm http.//www.gtm.net/"geibdan"/

Book Review on Sanchar Mimamsa

Book: Sanchar Mimamsa Author: Nirmala Mani Adhikary Publication: Media Educators Association of Nepal Pages: 33 Date of publication: 2068(2011 AD) â€Å"Sanchar Mimamsa† composed by Nirmala Mani Adhikary puts forth communication Studies and process from the perspectives of vaidika Hindu amid western theories and models of communication. The book brings to light,’Sadharanikaran theory and model as per propounded by Adhikary himself. It is quite unique and interesting, reading theories in verses. The theory and model have been described in Jhyaure laya.We all know, communication was an indispensible practice since we came into an existence. Though unfortunately and fortunately, it was twentieth century, a communication study was accounted as a discipline. Communication studies though, are rooted back to ages back, according to the Vedic Hindu perspective. Sadharanikaran is rooted back to 4th BC. The theory was illumined once again after J. S Yadava and I. P Tiwari brought Sadharanikaran into limelight around 1980s. Adhikary, who continued his research on the theory, came up with a model in 2003. Sanchar Mimamsa’ is all about Sadharanikaran and its elements and goal of attaining sahridayata, ultimate goal on Sadharanikaran process. Sadharanikaran as a process is an asymmetrical process, where senders and receivers become sahridayas, directed to attain sahridayata, thus establishing mutual understanding between them. Sahridayata as a concept is a state of â€Å"common orientation, commonality or oneness† where senders and receivers’ ultimate goal is to make Sadharanikaran process successful or to become one in communication process.Sanchar Mimamsa is classified into 3 parts while verses are divided into 5 parts. First one puts forth the possibility of getting problem solved. Through communications, not merely human, also animals and other creatures involve in communication in pursuance of life and peace. Second part affirms the si gnificance of theories and model in communication studies. Unfortunately, the world’s walking on merely western theories and models instead of executing one’s self culturally relative studies. Nevertheless, after the initiation of duo scholar, Tiwari and Yadava,Sadharanikaran came into limelight. It has its root in Natyashastra by Bhartrihari and is identified with Bhattanayaka. Elements of Sadharanikaran process are sahridayas(senders and receivers), Bhava(moods), Abhivyanjana( expression or encoding),sandesha(message or information), Sarani(channel), rasaswadan (deals with achieving the rasa), doshas(noises), sandarva(context) and finally pratikriya( process of feedback). Sahridayata is ultimate goal of the whole process of Sadharanikaran, in which sender and receiver become one, and where feedback is no more necessary.The communication models in the west usually weigh on sender while, Sadharanikaran process puts an end to differences between senders and receivers, u ltimately they become one. Sadharanikaran process is different to other or west’s models in terms of structure. It is a non linear model where mutual understanding is possible. It is a broad notion that is able to deal with all three dimensions of life: adhibhautika(physical), adhidaibhika(Mental) and adhyatmika(spiritual). Moreover The model also apprehends communication competent enough to achieve all of the purushartha chatustayas i. artha, kama, dharma and moksha. Final and fifth part sets forth, the solution to the conflict ongoing in the world via attaining sahridayata. Thus Adhikary argues sadharanikaran process can be a solution to put an end to disastrous conflict ongoing among the countries. It also has envisioned ’sanchar vidha’, communication sector, as a mean for attaining ‘Moksha’, the final goal of life according to Hindu perspective. Verses are followed by second and third part of the book in which Sadharanikaran theory and model are described and summarized.The book is distinct as it narrates whole theory and model in verses but the success of the book lies on rasaswadana of the sandesha encompassed in the book. Not only the Sadharanikaran theory but whole communication field is described from Hindu point of view, a significant step in communication studies in the world, other than westernized studies. On the other hand, the uniqueness of the book i. e. verses have also limited itself to a certain audience, those who are keenly interested in traditional verses.But the second and third part exempts audiences from this limitation and even language barrier has been considered. Descriptions are available in both Nepali and English. Though Sadharanikaran theory and model is new in studies the process isn’t new to us. If we can embody the process in our daily activities, ultimately we become able to manage conflicts and attaining moksha is also possible. This is how the book ‘Sanchar Mimamsa’ has represented the beauty of Sadharanikaran theory and model in simpler and few words.

Effect of Change in an Organisation

www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service Even though the positivist and phenomenological approaches seem to completely contradict one another, Bryman and Bell (2004) maintain that a researcher should not select one or the other but, instead, should weave the two together.In other words, for those aspects of the research problem which can be better served if explored through a scientific approach, the positivist methodology should be employed whereas those which require the researcher’s more active engagement or an analysis of the social environment, the phenomenological approach should be used. The implication here is that the two approaches can coexist within a single study and can be used to explore different aspects of the research problem (Bryman and Bell, 2004).Rather than select the one approach over the other, the selected research approach shall combine between the two. As such, the researcher shall engage in the objective analysis of tardiness behaviour through the analysis of attendance records while, at the same time, monitoring 20 students for a period of 12 weeks for the purpose of closer and more critical observation of the dimensions of the defined problem and the behavioural and situational variables which induce it. The effects of the corrective strategies which shall be deployed vis-avis these 12 students shall also be observed.To this extent, the research unfolds within a phenomenological framework. The research, however, is not restricted to the phenomenological approach as a thorough investigation of the problem also necessitates the adoption of positivist approach. Therefore, for a better understanding of the social and environmental factors influencing tardiness, the researcher will survey faculty members and homeroom teachers and interview the two school administrators responsible for the control of the problem.The researcher shall, in other words, explore the socio-environmental factors influencing tardiness. 16 ww w. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service 3. 2. 2 Quantitative versus Qualitative The data gathered shall be analysed from both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. As Punch (2000) emphasises, within the context of social science research, both approaches must be used in order to arrive at both an objective, measurable understanding of the phenomenon and a humanistic comprehension of its socio-environmental dimensions.While attendance records and the effects of the corrective strategies on the twenty students under observation shall be qualitatively analysed, the variables which influence tardiness rates, both increase and decrease, shall be qualitatively analysed as a strategy for uncovering the socioenvironmental factors influencing tardiness rates. In other words, both qualitative and quantitative data analysis approaches shall be used for the purposes of arriving at a more holistic understanding of the phenomenon. 3. 2. 3 Deductive versus Inductive Marcoulide s (1998) defines the deductive approach as a testing of theories.The researcher proceeds with a set of theories and conceptual precepts in mind and formulates the study’s hypotheses on their basis. Following from that, the research proceeds to test the proposed hypotheses. The inductive approach, on the other hand, follows from the collected empirical data and proceeds to formulae concepts and theories in accordance with that data (Marcoulides, 1998). While not disputing the value of the inductive approach, the research opted for the deductive approach, or the `top-down,’ as opposed to the `bottom-up’ method. 3. 3 Data Sources and Data Collection MethodsFor the purposes of this research and given that both primary and secondary data are needed, three data collection methods will be used. Apart from the desk-based data collection method traditionally associated with secondary data collection, primary data will be collected 17 www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertati on Writing Service through the archival records (attendance sheets), interviews with two school administrators, a survey of faculty opinion, and the researcher’s own observations.. 3. 4 Credibility of Research Findings Ultimately, the data collected is used to inform the research findings.If the data is not verifiable, the implication is that the findings are potentially suspect. incumbent upon the researcher to validate his/her findings (Sekaran, 2003). Accordingly, it is 3. 4. 1 Reliability A study is reliable only if another researcher, using the same procedure and studying the same phenomenon, arrives at similar, or comparable, findings (Sekaran, 2003). Accordingly, it is important that the researcher maintain a comprehensive protocol of his study, in case others may be interested in checking its reliability (Sekaran, 2003).Even with the best of intentions in mind, the researcher is often confronted with a variety of variables which may impinge upon the reliability of his findings. Quite simply stated, if he is partly drawing conclusions on the basis of questionnaire and interview data, it could very well be that respondents were biased or, simply not in the mood to answer the questions with any degree of interest. It is not at all uncommon for respondents to simply tick of response options without reading or considering them (Sekaran, 2003).Accordingly, research scholars advise researchers to carefully select their respondents, ensure that they are, indeed, willing participants in the study and will answer the questions with the minimum degree of bias (Hair et al. , 2005). To ensure that this, indeed, is the case, when in-putting the questionnaire data, the researcher should carefully read through them to ensure that there are no logical flaws and that the responses given by any one respondent are not contradictory (Hair et al. , 2005).In addition, and to better ensure reliability, the researcher should schedule interviews at the respondent’ s convenience and, 18 www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service further, when distributing questionnaires, should give participants several days to answer. By pursuing this advice, the researcher would, at least, be minimising the chances that the interview be rushed and the questionnaires blindly answered (Hair et al. , 2005). To enhance the reliability of the current research, the cited advice shall be considered and meticulously applied. 3. 4. 2 ValiditySaunders et al. (2000) contends that a research is valid only if it actually studies what it set out to study and only if the findings are verifiable. There are three methods for establishing validity. As Saunders et al. (2000) explains, construct validity entails the establishment of accurate operational measurements for the research’s core concept. This is done by establishing a chain of evidence throughout the data collection process; by verifying key information through the use of multiple sources of infor mation; and by presented informants with a draft of the study for review.Besides establishing construct validity, social science researches need also establish external validity by testing the applicability of the findings to external case studies (Yin, 1989). While conceding to the importance of external validation methods, they are beyond the scope of the current research. Consequently, the research shall seek the verification of its findings through construct validation. 3. 5 Conclusion As may have been deduced from the above, the research shall adopt a mixed methodological approach. The selection of the aforementioned and above explained ethodology was imposed upon the research by the nature of the phenomenon under investigation, the multi-layered nature of the research problem and the imperatives of satisfying the study’s diverse, but interrelated, objectives. 19 www. MA-Dissertations. com Dissertation Writing Service 4. 0 References Battisch, V. and Hom, A. (1997) The r elationship between students’ sense of their school as a community and their involvement in problem behaviors. American Journal of Public Health, 87(12), 1997-2001. Booth, A. and Dunn, J. F. (1996) Family-School Links: How Do They Affect Educational Outcomes?NY: Erlbaum. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2004) Business Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chaker, A. M. (2005) Schools get tough on tardy students. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on 10 Jan. 2007, from http://www. post-gazette. com/pg/05321/607996. stm Conaway, H. W. (2006) Collaboration for Kids; Early Intervention Tools for Schools and Communities. Highland: Aha Process Inc. Cooper, D. R. (2003) Business Research Methods. London: McGraw-Hill. Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, P. S. (2005) Business Research Methods. London: McGraw-Hill. Creswell, J. W. 2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches. California: Sage Publications. Crosnoe, R. (2000) Friendships in childhood and ad olescence: The life course and new directions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 377-371. ___ (2001) Academic orientation and parental involvement in education during high school. Sociology of Education, 74, 210-230. Dane, F. C. (1990) Research Methods. Cambridge: Thomas brooks. Fassett, D. L. and Warren, J. T. (2004) You get pushed back: The strategic rhetoric of educational success and failure in higher education. Communication Education, 53(1), 21-39. 20

Free Essays on Nonverbal Communication

by means of facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, postures, physical appearance, and tones of voice. The concept of nonverbal communication is complex. It is almost impossible to know exactly what it includes, but the majority of our talking is done without speaking. No one can speak more than one word at a time, but nonverbal messages can be sent in multiple ways at the same time. The meaning of nonverbal messages differs between cultures (Morreale, Spitzberg, and Barge, Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, & Skills, 119), races, and sometimes gender (Burgoon and Saine, The Unspoken Dialogue: An Introduction to Nonverbal Communication, 130). Nonverbal and verbal communications sometimes contradict each other because people are sometimes unaware of the nonverbal messages that they send (Morreale, Spitzberg, and Barge, Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, & Skills, 119). The movement of the body makes up a language, in which certain movements have specific meanings. Kinesics focuses on how people communicate through movement and posture, gestures, and the face and eyes (Morreale, Spitzberg, and Barge, Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, & Skills, 124). Kinesics refers to all types of body movement, except for touch, that may act as nonverbal communication. Body movement and posture are known as body language. Gestures are large and small movements of the hands and arms that send messages. Gestures complement our speech, bridge our silences, send unspoken messages, or express our approval or disapproval (Lamb and Watson, Body Code: The Meaning in Movement, 1). Negative gestures like fidgeting lets others know that a speaker is... Free Essays on Nonverbal Communication Free Essays on Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication and language are different. There has been some research claiming that humans used nonverbal communication before they developed a language. Nonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words by means of facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, postures, physical appearance, and tones of voice. The concept of nonverbal communication is complex. It is almost impossible to know exactly what it includes, but the majority of our talking is done without speaking. No one can speak more than one word at a time, but nonverbal messages can be sent in multiple ways at the same time. The meaning of nonverbal messages differs between cultures (Morreale, Spitzberg, and Barge, Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, & Skills, 119), races, and sometimes gender (Burgoon and Saine, The Unspoken Dialogue: An Introduction to Nonverbal Communication, 130). Nonverbal and verbal communications sometimes contradict each other because people are sometimes unaware of the nonverbal messages that they send (Morreale, Spitzberg, and Barge, Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, & Skills, 119). The movement of the body makes up a language, in which certain movements have specific meanings. Kinesics focuses on how people communicate through movement and posture, gestures, and the face and eyes (Morreale, Spitzberg, and Barge, Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, & Skills, 124). Kinesics refers to all types of body movement, except for touch, that may act as nonverbal communication. Body movement and posture are known as body language. Gestures are large and small movements of the hands and arms that send messages. Gestures complement our speech, bridge our silences, send unspoken messages, or express our approval or disapproval (Lamb and Watson, Body Code: The Meaning in Movement, 1). Negative gestures like fidgeting lets others know that a speaker is... Free Essays on Nonverbal Communication The location I chose to perform my violation of a cultural norm was in an elevator. I used the elevator that is located in my dormitory’s building. After trying to decide which cultural norm to experiment with, I came to the conclusion to invade someone else’s space. The plan I created was to move closer to someone, in the elevator, than the normal space required, while communicating with this person. It was real difficult to engage in this kind this behavior. I have never performed an action similar to this one. People assume that other people will respect and follow the normal rules to communication. It took all my power to make myself break one of those rules. I have to say, however, I was real anxious to see how the person was going to react. Having never performed this action before, I had no idea what to expect or how the person was going to act. The reaction of the person I performed my experiment on was one that I could have anticipated. When I first began to move closer to the person they performed no reaction. They showed no look that they acknowledge my changed behavior. After noticing this I decided to move even closer to the person. This time the person saw that I invade their space and took a small step back. Even though I didn’t know what to expect form this experiment, I had an idea that the initial reaction by the person would be to move back. I wasn’t satisfied with the person just moving back. I wanted the person to show a more defined reaction that would show they didn’t appreciate what I was doing. After the person stepped back, I took a step towards them once again. The person repeated the same movement they did before. I decided to take one more step forward and the person reacted verbally. The person, who had no idea who I was, asked me â€Å"what the heck I was doing.† At this point I could tell this person wasn’t pleased with me, and I decided to explain my experiment to them. The personï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Nonverbal Communication The usage of the eyes in nonverbal communication is a perpetual, trusted form of communication. As we communicate, we normally look into each others eyes trying to decode messages and enhance our ability to interact with the sender. This is one of the essential functions of the eyes, as a monitor of interaction. Environmental cues are a stimulus related function, which are sometimes out of our control of receiving and responding to. Eye contact however, enables us to have mutual communication in order to pickup other cues. By better executing proper communication cues you can see the â€Å"eye of the beholder†. Within interpersonal communication, being able to see beyond what the eyes are saying makes being able to accurately communicate possible. The eye is constantly communicating with the environment. Either by instinctively having a stimulus response or by intentionally directing vision, the eye serves as a mediator to the brain. The messages the eyes send to the brain bring about thought processes. For instance, when you see the stove is on and you avoid putting your hand on it or seeing a flash a lightning causing you to jump. As possibility the most necessary and frequent usage of the eye, it is not interpersonal. However, when foreseen by someone other than yourself that you are engaging in communication, whether intentional or not, it is. While the eyes may not be seen as a vital part of interpersonal communication, they are part of the face and a complimentary aspect of verbal communication. They can supportively coincide with or be contradictory to the overall communication taking place. Eye cues may even take the place of verbal communication as when staring harshly into someone’s eyes, or rolling th em in a disregarding manner. Understanding the messages you can send and understanding those that are received are essential to communication. The eyes are the most noticeable aspect of a person’s face. Whether...